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While the conversion option is bidding for the bonds by exchanging debt value into obligations into shares. With this option, investors who had become the lender, after the due date will be shifted to the owners of capital in the companies that issued convertible bonds.

According Yunianto Handy, an analyst with PT Mandiri Securities bonds, each of the above classification has a level of risk varies. Therefore, trading characteristics of each type of bond was to be different too.

“The price of bonds that are formed in the secondary market will follow the level of risk and expectations YTM respectively. For, as the closer when due, then the rate of return and risk of each bond product will vary. This is affecting price, “he said at the Independent Club last week.

In bonds in the secondary market transactions, price calculation used is totally different from the calculations in stock trading. Prices used were measured in percentages, not the rupiah denomination.

At the time bonds are issued, then the bond price will be at a level of 100% or commonly known as Par prices. YTM rate when issued was equivalent to the coupon interest rate offered.

As an illustration, a company issuing bonds worth Rp 1 billion 5-year term with a coupon rate of 7.5% per annum and is payable every 6 months.

At the time of publication, the price of these bonds are priced with a YTM of 7.5% Par. That means, if the bond holders decide not to sell these bonds to maturity, the bondholders will receive the funds by 100% (USD 1 billion) at maturity plus accrued interest at 7.5% per year multiplied by 5 (USD 375 million) or a total of Rp 1.375 billion.

However, if an investor buys bonds in the secondary market in the second year, it means the rate of return that would be obtained were different. Because, he did not get the coupon payment before he bought the bonds.

Consequently, the purchase price of bonds in the secondary market was not likely he bought at a price of Par.

In simple terms it can be said that bond prices in the second year will be below the price of Par, call it 98%. Therefore, investors will pursue the difference in the level of return that is obtained by placing a buy position at a price below the price of Par.

But what happens in the market is not as simple as that. According to Handy, in addition to these factors, there are other factors that make investors provide different offerings in the secondary market.

“Determinants of bond prices is the biggest factor is interest rates,” he explained.

Continuing the illustration above, if when he bought bonds earlier in the second year, where interest rates have decreased to as low as 6%, then the movement of bond prices in the secondary market will depend largely on expectations of interest rate trends.

Illustration like this, if investors are speculating the future trend of interest rates will go down, call it to the level of 5%, then he will put up bidding to buy at prices above the price of Par.

“In this way, he will have a YTM of getting bigger in the future in line with the downward trend in interest rates,” said Handy.

Conversely, if investors are projecting the future interest rates will go up, call it to the level of 8%, then the consequences will be receiving the projected yield will decrease.

“Therefore, to still get a big yield, he would put the price bid under Par,” said Handy.

Handy explained that the simple formula as follows:

If SBI is projected to decline, YTM will decrease, then prices will tend to rise.
If BI is projected to rise, YTM will go up, then prices will tend to fall.

Therefore, further Handy, to play bonds in the secondary market, investors should pay attention to the calculation of projected trends in interest rates. Therefore, the trend in interest rates greatly affect the movement of bond prices in the secondary market.

“Factors to be considered is the trend of inflation in the future. Therefore, the trend of inflation go hand in hand with the trend of interest rates (SBI). If inflation rises, the SBI will go up also, conversely, if inflation goes down, then SBI will come down anyway,” he said .

Well, talk about the macro economic conditions in the future Indonesia, said the latest projections into the second half of 2010 will be a global economic recovery. This recovery will certainly include Indonesia in it.

“Economic recovery is usually accompanied by rising inflation which of course will cause an increase in interest rates higher,” said Handy.

By simple logic, it can be assumed, in the future will happen, which means higher interest rates would make bonds YTM products has increased as well.

Then the consequences will be a decline in bond prices in the secondary market ahead of the second half of 2010.

“The decline in prices and the adjustment as it already started to happen from now. Investors seem to have anticipated the projected rise in interest rates early on. For investors who speculate in interest rates will rise right in the second semester, it would be better to buy now because prices are still high, thus received YTM will be greater,